Clockwise from top: David Humphreys, principal at DaiEcon Advisors; Huang Haiwei, associate director of The Beijing Axis; Michael Power, investment strategist at Investec Asset Management; Martyn Davies, chief executive of Frontier Advisory. Mark Wessels / for China Daily

Power at Investec says that in the first half of the last decade it was Chinese companies that were calling all the shots in Africa.

"The Chinese came in and pretty much did it 100 percent the way they wanted to do it. As a result, in this first generation of engagement they might have been a little brusque about local sensibilities," he says.

More recently, China has faced increasing competition in Africa from other emerging market players in the resources sector.

PPT Exploration and Production, the Thai state-owned group, acquired major oil fields in Mozambique with its acquisition of the Irish company Cove Energy last year.

This came not long after Pertamina, the Indonesian state-owned energy company, paid a record price for an Angolan oil block, beating off competition from its Chinese rival Sinopec.

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"These investments show that China is no longer the only kid on the block. It might still be the main kid on the block, but it is certainly not the only one," Power adds.

"You not only have the Indonesians and the Thais but the Brazilians have also come in. Even the copper belt in Zambia is now more Indian than it is Chinese."

The Chinese attendance at Indaba proved that Chinese companies are still very much part of a major presence in the market.

Huang Haiwei, associate director of The Beijing Axis, a consultancy that provides strategic advice to Chinese companies in the resources sector, says Chinese companies are still very much active in the market.

"People who want commodities can't really go window shopping. They can't be like all those people you see in the streets walking past department stores with nothing to do. They have a responsibility to act. The market is very transactional. They need commodities to turn into cash," he says.

Huang says most of his clients - both state-owned enterprises and private companies - are looking to take complete ownership of existing facilities or enter into strategic equity partnerships rather than develop greenfield sites. A typical investment would be $100 million.

"It is a very capital-intensive business. The investors are not looking for short-term cash-generating projects but are looking to get cash flow over five, six or nine years," he says.

Duncan Clarke, an oil industry strategist and author of Africa: Crude Continent: the Struggle for Africa's Oil Prize, says China's role in the resources sector in Africa is often exaggerated.

"There are probably between 700 and 800 companies in the oil and gas sector in Africa, and among these are just four or five Chinese state-owned companies. I know that these companies are large, with an increasingly growing portfolio in exploration and development but they are still among many other players."

Clarke, also chairman and CEO of Johannesburg-based Global Pacific & Partners and who was speaking on the windy terrace of the Best Westin hotel in Cape Town, says Chinese activity is surrounded by too much mystique.

"Many people think the Chinese have some megaplan, but I think independent observers don't see it that way because they do often stumble and run into brick walls. Companies like Sinopec, for example, have had bad luck both in Angola and in North America," he says.

Clarke says the Chinese attract attention because their deals are seen as opaque.

"Probably the big difference is that a large chunk of China's business is done state to state, whereas the Western footprint is more articulated through companies."

Dr Martyn Davies, chief executive of Johannesburg-based strategy and research Frontier Advisory who advised on the recent Wesizwe platinum deal, says the rhetoric about China is often "overblown".

"Chinese mining companies certainly have a very strong home game (in China) but they have had a less successful away game."

Davies, who is an authority on the China-Africa relationship, says China is not the colonial resources power in Africa some assume.

"We are not in the 19th century anymore. There will be no more Cecil John Rhodes in Africa. The market mechanisms are so much more entrenched," he says.

Humphreys at DaiEcon Advisors says that while some believe China is the neocolonial power in Africa, that does not fit the facts.