She was superseded by Mo Farah, a devout Muslim born in Somalia but a London resident since the age of eight, who galvanized a nation in the most multi-cultural of world cities when he became the seventh runner to win the 5000m-10,000m double.

The sheer spectacle on the final night's action when Farah kicked for home with just over a lap of the 5,000m remaining was a spine-tingling experience those in the stadium will never forget.

Track and field also broke new ground when South African Oscar Pistorius became the first double amputee to race at an Olympics.

He failed to qualify for the individual 400m final, but anchored his team in the 4x400m relay final, in which it finished last.

The United States finished atop the athletics' table with a total of 29 medals, comprising nine gold, 13 silver and seven bronze, for its best haul since the 1992 Games in Barcelona.

Russia came in second with 18 (8-4-6) and the Bolt-inspired Jamaica in third on 12 (4-4-4).

There was also a world record for American Aries Merritt in the men's 110m hurdles, the American clocking 12.80 sec at the Diamond League meet in Brussels to smash the previous record of 12.87 set by Cuban Dayron Robles in June 2008.

Bolt and American sprinter Allyson Felix were named the International Amateur Athletics Federation's athletes of the year.

It was the fourth time in the past five years that Bolt has won the award, but the first time for Felix, who also won three gold medals in London, in the 200m and in both the women's relay races.

The highest-profile casualty in the war on doping was Belarus shot putter Nadezhda Ostapchuk, who was stripped of her Olympic gold after testing positive for a banned anabolic steroid.

New Zealand's Valerie Adams was handed gold, but Ostapchuk only received a one-year ban because her coach had doctored her food without her knowledge.

Four medalists from the 2004 Olympic Games were officially stripped of their medals by the International Olympic Committee.

The IOC took the decision after new analysis of their dope tests taken at the Athens Games revealed traces of steroids.

Ukraine's Yuri Belonog was stripped of his shot put gold, Belarus' Ivan Tikhon of his silver in the hammer, and Irina Yatchenko of Belarus and Russian Svetlana Krivelyova lost their bronze medals in the women's discus and shot put respectively.

It is the second Olympic medal Tikhon has been stripped of, having had his bronze from the 2008 Games taken away also for a doping offense.

Ironically, the disgraced Ostapchuk was promoted to the podium in place of Krivelyova and will receive a bronze.