Of course, good laws are nothing if they are only on paper; implementation is indispensable. That requires the State pay more respect to its own constitution, and construct a comprehensive institution to coordinate the constitution and ordinary laws.

In particular, the State needs to respect universal equality before the law, granting no individual or group the privilege of breaking it without penalty; it should operate strictly according to the law, putting every power under supervision and restraint; assume responsibility for its own deeds, correcting errors and abolishing laws that are proved wrong by social practices; and invest more in educating citizens about the law, and take the leading role in respecting the law, so that its authority can be admitted by all citizens.

For lack of maturity and want of experience, some mistakes have been made in constructing the legal system in the past. For example, many laws, although coded in long texts, are in want of details that can be clearly applied in use. The legislation needs technical improvement to make them more precise and applicable.

The effectiveness of a legal system depends not upon how many laws it has, but how many are really respected and obeyed by the members of society. There is still a long way to go before most laws can go from being merely on paper to people's hearts, just as it is a long and difficult mission, establishing rule of law in China.

Citizen participation in legislation is the first step toward accomplishing this mission. Public opinion in the broadest sense should be respected in the making of laws and regulations.

And the next step, which will require time, and the overcoming of many difficulties, is the completion of the legal system. That means not only a complete set of laws and judicial institutions, but also a ruling party and a government that abides by law in its own behavior. Only in this way can the law maintain its sanctity and earn the trust of the people.

A legal system is indispensable to a country ruled according to law. Only after constant development and adjustment in accordance with reality can a legal system be truly qualified to support the rule of law in a country. There is still a long way to go toward these objectives.

The author is President of the China University of Political Science and Law. The article first appeared in Study Times.

(China Daily 04/18/2011 page8)