Staff from Beijing Zhongze Women's Legal Counseling and Service Center talk with rural women in Qinghai in 2009. Provided to China Daily

Welcome news

Last month's National People's Congress, the most important annual event in the country's political calendar, brought some welcome news. Four types of NGO - industrial associations, charities, community services and organizations dedicated to the promotion of technology - will soon be allowed to register directly and without the need to find a government backer. It's expected that details of the new registration policy will be unveiled by the end of the year.

NGOs have greeted the news with cautious optimism, but they admit to concerns about the implementation of the new policy and the limited scope of direct registration.

Meanwhile, academics regard the new rules as an indication of the new leadership's vision of the State's relationship with society, and of its intention to extend the roles played by NGOs and individuals in the world's second-largest economy.

"We have repeatedly heard 'spring is coming for NGOs' for many years but have always felt let down. But, this time, I think it really is coming," said Deng Guosheng, a professor who specializes in NGO studies at Tsinghua University. "Before, we had hints from the Ministry of Civil Affairs, but this time round it's a NPC decision, one with legal backup."

Wang Ming, Deng's fellow researcher at Tsinghua, said the reform of the registration system reflects a fundamental shift in official attitudes toward civil societies and marks the starting point in another round of social reform, following the market-oriented reforms that began in 1978.

"The government has long operated from the perspective of a total State, overseeing everything that happens in the country and regarding NGOs as a challenge to its authority," said Wang. "Now, it increasingly sees NGOs as a cooperative 'third sector', in addition to the roles played by the government and business.

For Wang, the realization of "small government, great society" is a three-step process. The reform of the registration system is the first step, one that ensures the right to free association.

The second step will involve allowing NGOs and businesses to become the main suppliers of social services. The final move will be to encourage public self-governance.

"The current system politicizes some issues that could be resolved through low-level negotiation and community action. Problems shouldn't be a cause of disharmony between the people and the government," Wang said.

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