Sun Tao undergoes one of many hearing tests. Teacher Wang Hui, from Gucheng Special Education School in Hebei, accompanies his orphaned pupil through the long day. Geng Feifei / China Daily

'Not even 1 fen'

Their website works much like a clearinghouse, where cases of people in need are published online, donors call to express interest in helping one or more of them, and Duan and Xu put both sides in touch. In cases where physical visits are not possible, Duan and Xu help deliver the money or materials.

There is one firm rule, says Xu, 29: "We use not even 1 fen of the money."

They use their own money for meals and transport, but their work as freelance website designers isn't steady. Over six years, they accumulated a debt of 100,000 yuan.

At the same time they accumulated a good reputation.

At the end of June, Xu posted a notice that the website would be closed as a result of "longtime operation with borrowings". Many who had dealt with the organization before went online to call for help for this "really selfless" couple.

A few days later, Tian Qiucheng, education director at the Shijiazhuang Computer Vocational College, called and offered financial aid to keep the website running.

"They (the college) also helped us with an office and a place to live," Duan says. "They hired Lina and me as part-time teachers. The salary should cover our living expenses." In early July, the website went back to normal.

How is money used?

The story attracted wide attention, and it brought future charity works. While Duan and Xu were at the hospital with young Sun Tao, a few calls came in to Duan's mobile phone. One was from Liu Zhengwen, 22, in Beijing.

Liu, a designer, says he and friends were willing to offer financial aid to students, but finding those in need was a problem. "We just hope to get information about the kids and visit them directly."

That's not unusual, Duan says. "Donors want to know how their money is used. Some also want to know who they have helped."

"Governmental charities still enjoy dominance, yet as nongovernmental organizations keep expanding, some leading companies started to work with grassroots NGOs," reads the Annual Report on Philanthropy Development.

A foreign corporate social responsibility manager who did not want to be identified tells China Daily that the Beijing-based multinational company where the manager works is converting to smaller charitable organizations. Lack of professional management by some large charities is the main reason.

The company cooperated with the Red Cross Society of China on tsunami relief for Japan this year and the Sichuan earthquake of 2008. Fundraising efforts involved cake sales, sponsored runs and staff donations.

"Cleaners were giving 200 yuan when they earn so little, so I have to know that every yuan is being used well, or what do I report to our donors?" the manager says.

"I really like small NGOs with efficient management. Just as in global companies there is huge waste, so in global NGOs. When the team is small and committed, the output is focused and credible."

Charitable programs that "bring two people together for creative philanthropy and mutual benefit" are the most sustainable relationships, the manager says.

"Charity is selfless pursuit. You have to be passionate about the underdog, not in it for the pay. People in the end judge you by what you achieve as a charity, not by who you know. At the start connections are the key, but in the end the general public is the judge."