Two elderly people on a street in Nanjing, Jiangsu province. Experts urge the government to make regulations on the standards and costs of non-profit nursing homes. Sha Lang / for China Daily

Lack of adequate care home facilities, tradition forcing shift in attitude, say experts

China's elderly, faced with a shortage of care home beds, are increasingly resorting to being looked after by their children, a move tacitly approved of by policymakers.

One retiree who is happy with his domestic set-up is Huang Yaoxin, a former Beijing government official in his 60s, who lives with his daughter.

"I spend about 1,500 yuan (166 euros) a month on daily expenses. It's enough to meet all my needs. I like playing table tennis and I go to the activity center regularly to play with my former colleagues and friends," he says.

Huang's former workplace provides free fitness equipment and entertainment facilities for the retired in the activity centers, a common sight in most government departments. The elderly can take painting classes, sing and play ball games free at different locations in the capital.

Huang's daughter Huang Jufeng gave birth to a boy in 2009 whom he and his wife look after while the parents are at work.

Both Huang and his daughter say it won't be a long-term situation.

"It's not always convenient living with our parents because of the different lifestyles between the young and the old. We will move out when our child gets older," the daughter says.

Huang agrees with the plan, saying that he won't feel lonely if he lives just with his wife.

Not all old people enjoy Huang's good fortune. Professor Tang Jun, secretary-general in the social policy research center at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, says more than 70 percent of the elderly in China don't have enough money in their later years, so it is not a problem the market can solve.

"In developed countries, only 5 percent of the old spend their later years in nursing homes. The rest choose home care," he says. "However, there is a big difference between Chinese home care and that in Western countries. In the West, there is a complete community service to support the home-care system."

When old people need anything, they can just make a telephone call to the community service center and the problem will be solved. Setting up a service system for the aged in residential communities here has been under discussion for almost 20 years but it has still not been realized, Tang says.

"The best way is to use nursing homes. They have the knowledge and skills. They should undertake more social responsibility to provide their professional services to the aged in nearby communities," he says. "Of course, the government has to make regulations for the standards and cost of the services, setting up a non-profit concept for nursing homes."

Tang says the purpose of doing so is to help people who can afford the services to get the help they need and the nursing homes to get the money they need to operate.

"For the poor who cannot afford the services, the government should give them an allowance, which makes it fair for everyone," he adds.

As the aging problem grows in China, foreign investors have begun to show an interest in the market.

Tang said a Japanese businessman asked him about running high-end nursing homes in China several days ago. The businessman, who wants to remain anonymous, had made up his mind to open a nursing home in Shanghai, where people are more open to the idea.

His plan is to charge 2 million yuan to live in a 50-square-meter suite in his nursing home until the client's death, with an additional 15,000 yuan service fee a month.

Huang jokingly says he would not choose this kind of high-end nursing home even when he loses the ability to look after himself because it is "just for the rich".

Huang's daughter says it is up to her parents to decide how they spend their later years and she doesn't think a high-end nursing home is a bad idea. However, she thinks 4,000 to 5,000 yuan a month would be more appropriate.

In addition to the financial challenge, another problem for nursing homes is Chinese tradition.

Most people consider nursing homes to be a last choice for the aged and putting them in one indicates their children do not sufficiently care about them.

Tang points that the biggest problems faced by the elderly are in the countryside. "Most of the young rural generation are attracted to cities. As a result, their parents suffer loneliness and have no income or company. The government should pay more attention to and care about them," he says.